This year, the Indiana Division of Forestry celebrates its 100th anniversary. They've come a long way in such a short time-proving that dedication, excellence and teamwork can change the course of history.

When nostalgic, most people talk about their humble beginnings. What makes this centennial so special is that the Division of Forestry had almost nothing with which to begin.

In the 1700 and 1800s, Indiana's lush forestland drew tens of thousands of settlers. As the state's population grew, more forestland was cleared to make way for fields and pastures. The notion's want for quality wood products made timber an early and successful commodity - almost too successful.

By 1900, Indiana was the leading hardwood producer in the nation. However, this honor come with a price no one wanted to pay. By 1901, forests in Indiana were at their lowest point. Thousands of acres of hardwood forests had been converted to fields and pastures to keep up with the growing demand for timber and farmland. Many of these new fields were on soil types and slopes that were unsuited for agriculture and resulted in almost immediate erosion. As a result, Indiana's original 20 million acres of forests dwindled to less than two million acres in less than 100 years. At that rate, experts predicted there would be little to no forestland remaining by the 1930s.

Scholars and concerned citizens knew that forested lands were the least susceptible to erosion and that reestablishing healthy forests would mend the soil erosion problem while maintaining the booming timber economy. They worked during the latter part of the 19th century to convince lawmakers to take swift action.

In March 1901, Governor Durbin signed the statute establishing the Indiana Board of Forestry. This act is considered the birth of the Division of Forestry. The low created one of the first natural resource agencies in the state and in the country.

Since the Division's creation, those initial efforts and the work of a growing number of forest stewards have carried it through a century of success:

• In 1903, the state established the Forest Reservation (now called Clark State Forest) and began conducting tree planting research and trials.
• The next year come the first state statutes protecting city and roadside trees and addressing wildfire problems.
• A big boost to Indiana forests came with the 1921 Classified Forest Act. Just as it is now, most forestland in Indiana was privately owned. The act provided incentives for landowners to conserve their forestland and established a free forest management assistance program available upon request.
• In the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) worked to expand the state forest system.
• The baby boom of the 1950s led to the massive growth of cities and towns in the 1970s. New scientific theories, discoveries and innovations furthered the practice of forestry as a science. As a result, Community and Urban Forestry, Forest Health and Tree Improvement programs were created. In addition, the Division of Forestry significantly increased the number of professional foresters involved in public and private forestry programs.
• By the 1990s, Indiana forests were growing and thriving. Ninety years of good forestry in Indiana had done its job. Increased interest by lay citizens, landowners and scientists led to expanded efforts to balance profits with non-timber resources and education.

Today, Indiana has over three million more acres of forestland than it did when the Division of Forestry was created. According to the USFS's most recent Forest Inventory Analysis report, Forests of Indiana: A 1998 Overview, the state's forestland (public and private) has never been stronger or healthier. Hoosiers are able to use much of Indiana's forestland for a variety of purposes, including recreation, wildlife management, and timber production while sustaining it for the future. It's taken more than just time-forest and forestry in Indiana owes its existence to the foresight and dedication of eleven state foresters; thousands of Division of Forestry employees; the cooperation of professional foresters; private landowners and the support of concerned citizens.

if past success is any indication of the future, the words of Charles Deam, Indiana's first State Forester, will still ring true a century from now, "We should be proud that the work of forestry is growing in Indiana's."

One of the great leaders of our time, President Jeb Bartlett (portrayed by Martin Sheen on NBC's The West Wing) knows how to keep momentum going. Whenever something has been completed or he has enough information to make a decision, he stops and asks, "What's next?"

In that some spirit, I've often asked, "What's next for the Division of Forestry?" We've certainly had a successful first century. However, we're starting our second century facing some new challenges. That's not to say we need to be pessimistic about our future. Remember, when the Division was created, forests in Indiana were thought to be going extinct. We're already ahead!

We know that we are going to be called upon to be more responsive and responsible stewards. It would be presumptuous to say that

,,we can foresee all the curves that lie ahead. However, thanks to the hard work and dedication of our employees and the forestry community as a whole, we have inklings of what may come.

"What's next?"

One look at the news and you can tell our immediate fiscal out-look is not so cheerful. We've heard the mantras of "smaller and smarter" and "do more with less" for the post several years, so the latest news about shrinking budgets isn't particularly welcome. "What's next?" depends on the overall economy. If things get worse before they get better, we will certainly be asked to look at addition-al sacrifices. What those sacrifices will be, I honestly do not know yet.

I will fell you that, personally, I see cutting programs or personnel to be the very lost resort. Please keep in mind that we've been through some bad fiscal crunches in the post and things turned around. Until then, all we can do is continue doing the best we can with what we have for the citizens of Indiana.

"What's next? "We can expect some changes in the way we interact with private

landowners and citizens. As stewardship funds decrease (and com-petition for them increases), creativity in financing large-scale reforestation projects will be necessary. As the Baby Boomers age and look to leave a legacy for their progeny, participation in land trust programs and other conservation programs such as Classified Forestland Forest Legacy are expected to increase. The influence of the forestry community is essential to ensure that protected lands are working forests' that provide for multiple benefits instead of preservation-only programs.

"What's next? "We can also expect to provide more opportunities for public input on Division activities and management through public meetings and other feedback, much like Fish and Wildlife's approach to the recent fee increase. I see these as excellent opportunities to educate the average citizen on forest management and gain support for our activities. Expect the Division of Forestry to use its properties to provide more active demonstrations and research on forestry activities, act as a testing ground for integration of research into forest management systems and provide more educational outreach to the private landowner and general public.

"What's next? "The Gypsy Moth is coming! So is the potential for a whole host of other non-native and/or invasive plants and animals that can disrupt our forests. Forest inventory (FIA) and forest health management programs will be essential to keep us informed so that we can strive to keep Indiana's forests healthy.

"What's next? "Urban sprawl is certainly expected to continue. The urban-suburban-wildland interface will move farther out into the countryside. As a result, a variety of Division of Forestry programs-CUF, CFM, Fire management, nurseries, etc. will be more important than ever. Look for local municipalities to try to keep residents inside the city limits and make urban living more popular, ensuring that some forests remain. Our involvement at the local community level will be critical!

"What's next?"

We recently asked some of our staff, "if you had all the power in the world, what ONE thing would you do that would have a positive impact on Indiana forestry?" Some of the responses included: more incentive packages for working forest conservation ("If you want to build in a forest or pave a forest it will cost you dearly.")

more forestry education in schools and for the general public increasing the number of district foresters to be able to provide more services in the field so that private landowners who could not afford a private consultant forester can get assistance; develop incentive policies that stop urban sprawl and encourage the stewardship of urbanizing rural forests, and continuing to purchase adjacent forest and farmland for state forests.

With ideas like those and a "will do" spirit, I know our second century will be more successful than the first.

"What's next?"

It's up to all of us!

The Division of Forestry manages 150,000 acres of forestland (-4% of the total forestland in Indiana) in 13 state forests and 3 state recreation areas, including a cove.

Properties are managed under the multiple use philosophy, which incorporates wildlife, recreation, timber harvesting, watershed protection and other uses. This integrated approach provides extensive benefits while allowing the forest to remain a renewable and sustain-able resource.

Approximately 22.5 million trees comprise the canopy of Indiana's 13 state forests.

Recreational opportunities on Division of Forestry properties include: camping, hunting, fishing, hiking, horse trails, and beaches. (Facilities vary by location.)

Eighteen District Foresters assist private landowners with land management plans.

Approximately 400,000 acres of private forestland is enrolled in the Division of Forestry's Classified Forest Program, a forest conservation program.

The Division of Forestry's two tree seedling nurseries sell approximately 6 million seedlings each year.

The Division of Forestry employs approximately 150 full-time employees and over 225 intermittent positions located in Indianapolis and 30 field stations.

The Division of Forestry's 1999-2001 FY operating budget was:$17,742,996 (78% dedicated funds, 5% federal and 17% general funds).

Lost year, the Division of Forestry harvested -17,500 trees on state forestlands, less than 1/10th of one percent of all the trees instate forests. Removing a very small, selected number of trees promotes good forest health, new tree growth and a variety of habitats that increases wildlife diversity. Fifteen percent of the revenue from timber sales on state forests was distributed back to the county in which the harvest occurred.

The Division of Forestry's Tree Improvement Program is working to create genetically strong seedlings with disease resistance and improved growth characteristics.

The Federal Excess Personal Property Program, managed in Indiana by the Division of Forestry's Fire Management Section, pro-vides approximately $750,000 worth of fire fighting equipment to local fire departments each year.

1. Clark State Forest is located in the northwest corner of Clark County, southern Scott County and southeastern Washington County. Clark was the first state forest established in Indiana. In1903, the state purchased 2,000 acres for $16,000 to be used as a forest reservation, laboratory of forestry, demonstration and state nursery. The forest was originally used for experimentation plantings. The first state tree nursery was operated here from the 1920s to the late 1950s. In the 1930s, a CCC camp was located on the property. Purdue University held its forestry camp at Clark from the 191 Os until the late 1950s. Today, Clark State Forest contains more than 24,000 acres.

2. Deam Lake SRA is located on State Highway 60, six miles southeast of Borden (New Providence), Indiana, in Clark County. The property was established in 1965 and opened in 1966. A campground was constructed in 1973. The service area and boathouse followed in 1975. The nature center was constructed in 1987. Deam Lake is 19,4 surface acres with 6 miles of shoreline and 700 feet of beach. There is a beach house and a boathouse with available docks and rowboat rentals.

3. Ferdinand State Forest is located in southeastern Dubois County, northwestern Perry County and the southwestern part of Crawford County. The property is located on State Road 26, six miles east of Ferdinand, Indiana. Ferdinand State Forest was established in 1934 with the land donated by local citizens. The CCC constructed roads, buildings and a 43-acre lake. With land acquisition, the property has continued to grow in size and is currently estimated at 7,640 acres. The Pike Unit at Ferdinand State Forest (formerly Pike State Forest) was placed under the management of Ferdinand State Forest in 1997. The Pike Unit was established in the 1930s and has since, grown to its current size of 2,914 acres. To reach the Pike Unit, take State Road 61 to State Road 364, then travel east 4 miles to the property entrance.

4. Greene-Sullivan State Forest is located in western Greene and eastern Sullivan counties, 1.5 miles south of Dugger on Highway159. The property was established in 1936 with a donation of 3,067 acres from Indiana Central Coal Company. In 1950, the company donated an additional 1,462 acres. By 1965, donations from others, including Maumee and Sentry Royal Coal Companies increased acreage to 5,241. In a lease agreement with Peabody Coal Company over the past 20 years, the total size is now estimated at more than 8,000 acres. Greene-Sullivan State Forest has more than I 00 strip pit lakes containing approximately 1,200 surface acres of water and 60 boat access points.

5. Harrison-Crawford/Wyandotte Complex is located in Harrison and Crawford counties, ten miles west of Corydon, Indiana, on State Highway 462. The property was established as a State Forest in 1932. Wyandotte Caves was acquired in 1966. In1980, Wyandotte Woods was created. In 1995, the three properties were combined and are managed under the multiple-use philosophy. The facilities consist of CCC era construction, acquired structures and recent construction.

6. Jackson-Washington State Forest is located in south central Jackson and north central Washington Counties, 2.5 miles south-east of Brownstown, just off of State Highway 250. Established in 1931, Jackson-Washington State Forest was used as a CCC facility in the 1930s. The CCC constructed most of the structures on the property. The primary periods of land acquisition for the forest were the 1930-40s and the 1950-60s. During the 1980s,several tracts were purchased when money was generated from the sale of some state out-holdings. In the 1990s, additional tracts were purchased. Today, Jackson-Washington currently totals more than 17,000 acres.

7. Martin State Forest is located in Martin County, A miles east of Shoals on Highway 50. The property was created in 1932 by purchasing 1,205 acres of land from many different farmers who had to sell their properties due to economic hardship and severe erosion. During the 1930s, several shelter houses were built and thousands of trees were planted. Telephone lines were installed in 1943; the current residence was built in 1956; the current office was constructed in 19641- and the campground was constructed in the mid 1960s. Today, Martin State Forest totals more than 7,800 acres.

8 & 11. Morgan-Monroe and Yellowwood State Forests, located in Morgan, Monroe and Brown Counties, comprise more than47,000 acres. Morgan-Monroe State Forest was established in1929; Yellowwood was established in 1933. The CCC operated a camp at Morgan-Monroe and constructed several facilities and lakes on both properties between 1933 and 1942.Yellowwood Lake is 133 surface acres and is noted for its excel-lent fishing. Bryant Creek Lake (9 acres), Cherry Lake (4 acres)and Prather Lake (4 acres) are all located in Morgan-Monroe State Forest. The entrance for Morgan-Monroe State Forest is located 5 miles south of Martinsville, Indiana, off of Highway37. Yellowwood State Forest is located 7 miles west of Nashville, Indiana, and 10 miles east of Bloomington, north o fState Highway 46. The two properties are connected and are managed by the same property manager.

9. Owen-Putnam State Forest is located 45 miles southwest of Indianapolis, between Bloomington and Terre Haute, just off of Highway 46. Established in 1948, Owen-Putnam State Forest is considered the 'late bloomer' of the forestry properties. Unlike many other Indiana State Forests, Owen-Putnam was not developed as part of the CCC activities of the 1930s. Rattlesnake Camp was developed in 1966 and Horse Camp in 1970. The primary use before the late 1980s was hunting and timber production. The property was established in a piecemeal fashion due to the later acquisition of land in several different chunks. Today, Owen-Putnam contains 6,246 acres.

10. Starve Hollow SRA is located in Jackson County, 2.5 miles off of State Road 135 South, approximately 2.5 miles from Vallonia on CR 275 W. The lake was completed in 1938. The beach bathhouse was developed in 1963; the existing campgrounds in the early 1960s. An electric campground was built in 1988 and a nature center was built in 1982 (remodeled in 1989 and 1994).Starve Hollow SRA is comprised of 145 surface acres of water and 525 total acres of land with a 990 foot swimming beach.

12. Selmier State Forest is located two miles northeast of North Vernon on CR 350 N. The property was donated to the State of Indiana by Mrs. Frank Selmier on behalf of her husband, in1944. Frank Selmier had a strong interest in the outdoors and planted several acres of forestland on his property between the years of 1921 to 1931. The property is currently developing hiking trails and other recreational facilities. Selmier State Forest has 355 acres of land with a small fishing pond and access to the Muscatatuck River.

13. & 14. The DNR Division of Forestry operates two tree nurseries that produce conservation tree and shrub seedlings, and wind-break conifer trees for Indiana landowners' use. Landowners may order and plant these trees for restoration, erosion control, wildlife habitat development, watershed improvement, wetlands enhancement, windbreak, or other conservation purposes. The price of trees from state nurseries is kept low to encourage conservation plantings. Small seedlings shipped in bales of several hundred are easy to transport and simple to plant, keeping the process as economical as possible for the landowner.

For more information state forest properties, please see the 2001-2002 DNR Recreation Guide at or contact the property directly. For information on the nursery program or ordering tree seedlings, please see the Division of Forestry web site at www.state.in.us/dnr/forestry or call( 812)-358-3621.

As a culmination of its Centennial year celebrations, the Division of Forestry is preparing an updated history of the organization. The most recent history of the Division was completed in1960 by Forrest T. (Frosty) Miller and was never formally published. This large gap in time has left nearly half of the Division's history undocumented.

The new history book, as yet untitled, will contain a chapter highlighting the history of each of the Division's ten major program areas. Each specific program's staff is compiling a chapter, with help from lots of the Division's friends. The final book will contain many photos and documents with the intent of making it more pleasurable to read than a history text. Initially the book will be published on the Division's web site with the eventual goal of a high quality printed publication if funds can be found. The target is to have the book completed by December 31, 2001.

You can help! If you have old photos (or not so old photos) or documents that relate to the Division of Forestry, that you would be willing to share, that would make the book even better. The Division is also planning to develop an archive area in one of our buildings to bring together and better protect the division's history. So while we will not be able to use all of the photos and documents available in the actual history book, they can still become part of the archives. If you have items you would like to donate or are willing to have copied please contact Ben Hubbard (317-232-4114 or bhubbard@dnr.state.in.us ) or Natalie Himebough (317-232-0141or nhimebouah@dnr.state.in.us ).

What Indiana native traveled throughout all of Indiana's town-ships to collect more than 78,000 plant specimens, discovered 25new plant species, has at least 48 plants bearing his name, and has a state recreation area and a U.S. wilderness area named in his honor. Considering such accomplishments, Charles Deam should be a household name. But most Hoosiers know little or nothing about him.

Charles Deam was born August 30, 1865 near Bluffton, Indiana in Wells County. It was here that young Deam developed an uncompromising work ethic that would drive him toward perfection the rest of his life. As a young man, long hours of work in his pharmacy eventually took a toll on his health. His doctor insisted that he take time off work and encouraged him to take long walks outdoors to relax. Ironically, it was this advice that led to Deam's life-long obsession with botany His long walks eventually took him to every township in the state. Even today, foresters are amazed as they read through his journals and classified forest reports. One forester recently related finding a rather unusual tree growing in the middle of a large, nondescript woods. He was excited about "discovering" this tree, only to find that Deam had described that same tree decades earlier in one of his reports. Such stories are typical when discussing Deam.

His influence on the management of Indiana's forests and the extent of what is known about the flora of Indiana cannot be over-estimated. Deam is largely responsible for initiating the state forest system we have today. His foresight also gave us the Classified Forest program, which has ensured that hundreds of thousands of forested acres will remain as forests. Charles Deam was one of a kind!

Portraying Charles Deam was never intended to be an on-going venture-only for the year of the Division of Forestry's Centennial. Due to the amount of time and travel required to per-form the play, it is best that way. The lost performance is scheduled for February of 2002.

To perpetuate the Deam legacy, a video about him and his impact on Indiana forestry has been produced and will soon be available. "From Pharmacy to Forestry: The Legacy of Charles Deam" was produced by Nineteenth Star Productions of Indianapolis and runs approximately 20 minutes. It contains portions of the performance as well as interviews with former State Forester Jack Costello, current State Forester Burney Fischer, and former DNR entomologist Jim Clark who traveled with Deam. The video will be available on a free-loan basis from the Division of Forestry. Copies will also be sent to all Indiana public libraries and approximately 900 schools.

1900 Indiana was the leading hardwood producer in the nation.

1903 Clark State Forest was established as a nursery and forest research facility.

1905 The General Assembly passed the first wildfire and shade tree laws.

1913 The Division of Forestry made its first appearance at the Indiana State Fair.

1921 The Indiana Classified Forest Act set in motion a voluntary program to conserve and protect hundred of thou-sands of acres of private forestland.

By 1929 The state's nurseries produced over one million seedlings each year.

1929 The Forestry Education Train began traveling throughout the state to generate public interest in forestry.

The 1930s Forest-based recreation facilities began being developed on state forest properties.

1931 The legislature authorized state funding for forest fire fighting in the state.

The 1970s Indiana's state tree nurseries were growing more than 45different species of tree seedlings.

1972 The Timber Buyers Licensing Low was passed to protect the rights of private landowners and timber buyers and reduce the amount of timber theft on private and public lands.

The mid-1970s The Division created its own Insect and Disease/Forest Health Program to protect and report on the health of Indiana's forest resource.

1975 The Division of Forestry established the Utilization and Marketing Program to work with and assist the forest products industry.

1985 Project Learning Tree and the Outdoor Lab programs were established to help teachers incorporate forestry-related topics and activities in classrooms.

1990 The Community and Urban Forestry program was established to assist and encourage citizen involvement in protecting, expanding and improving community forests.

The late 1990S Vallonia and Jasper-Pulaski State Tree Seedling Nurseries sold almost six million tree seedlings annually for conservation and reforestation plantings.

Approaching the end of the 20th century, the forest products industry employed more than 55,000 Hoosiers and contributed more, than $4 billion dollars annually to the state's economy.

Forestland in Indiana has increased from a low of less than 1.5million acres in the early 1900s to over 4.5 million acres today (approximately 20 % of the state's land base).

Over 87% of Indiana forestlands is privately owned by 150,000different landowners.

196,000 acres of forest in Indiana are held in national forests.

191,000 forest acres are owned by other public agencies including military bases, fish and wildlife areas, local governments and state parks.

Approximately 52 percent of Indiana's forests are less than 50years old.

Seventy percent of all wildlife species living in Indiana habitat are Found in young forests.

Almost 2 billion trees, not including seedlings and saplings, are growing in Indiana's forests. That's 340 trees for each citizen in the state.

Indiana is growing two and one-half times more timber than is being harvested.

FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY

• The Indiana forest products industry:
• is the 5th largest manufacturing industry in the state
• employs over 59,000 people.
• contributes $2.5 billion annually to the state's economy.
• plays an important role in rural communities as most are small, family-owned businesses.

Statistics: Division of Forestry "Evergreen", The Evergreen Foundation, January 1998 "'Forests of Indiana: A 1998 Overview", US Forest Service NA-TP-03-00, September 2000.